3^rd International Conference on Clinical Pharmacy December 07-09, 2015 Atlanta, USA

Biography:

Abdulaziz A Saddique has a Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree from King Saud University and Doctorate degree in Clinical Pharmacy from the University of Minnesota. He is a Certified Clinical Toxicologist and Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in Intensive Care, also is a Certified Professional in Health Care Quality (CPHQ), California, USA and Certified Six Sigma Master Black Belt. He is a member of King Abdulaziz Quality Award, Committee, and Healthcare Standards Committee Ministry of Health. He published seven books on Quality Management, Pharmacy, and Toxicology and more than 100 papers in national and international journals.

Abstract:

Clinical pharmacy is a unique service provided by the leading pharmacy departments in the United States. The concept of clinical pharmacy evolved after the significant increase in number of pharmaceuticals in the market and the increasing potential of drug interactions. However, the clinical pharmacists are not merely the individuals who advise on the drug interactions. There are number of functions which include but not limited to; design of appropriate drug therapy, pharmacokinetics assessment and evaluation to optimize drug therapy, drug information dissemination to the physicians and other healthcare providers and participate as toxicology consultant in poison management. At King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), the first clinical pharmacy services program began in 1983. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of our clinical pharmacy program on the patients’ care as well as its perception by the medical staff that came from different parts of the World. Our clinical pharmacists were asked to record any suggestions or interventions in the form. The forms were all collected at the end of each day and entered into a database for analysis. Each intervention was analyzed in order to assess the merit of the action in terms of the therapeutic, financial and direct cost impact. The study showed a positive impact on the patients’ care as well as on the economy of drugs prescribing. Meanwhile, the service was very much appreciated by the medical staff as well as other healthcare providers.

Biography:

Shinya Uchida received his PhD degree from the University of Shizuoka in 1999. He served as a Clinical Pharmacist at the University Hospital of Hamamatsu School of Medicine. At present, he is an Associate Professor at the University of Shizuoka and his major interests include clinical pharmaceutical science, clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. He has published 69 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

Abstract:

A “cocktail” approach involving the simultaneous administration of multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP)-specific probes concurrently detects the activity of multiple CYP enzymes. We developed and validated a rapid and selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine the plasma concentrations of 5 CYP probe drugs and metabolites (caffeine/ paraxanthine, CYP1A2 substrate; losartan/losartan carboxylic acid (E3174), CYP2C9 substrate, omeprazole/5-hydroxy omeprazole, CYP2C19 substrate; dextromethorphan/dextrorphan, CYP2D6 substrate; and midazolam/1’-hydroxymidazolam, CYP3A4 substrate) by a single-step extraction followed by a single LC-MS/MS run. The assay had high accuracy and reliability for plasma samples. Next, we clarified the chronological changes in rifampicin-induced CYP enzyme activity after rifampicin discontinuation because the time course after drug treatment discontinuation has received little attention. Thirteen volunteers were administered rifampicin (450 mg) once daily, and the cocktail method was repeatedly performed. A 7-day rifampicin administration increased CYP2C19 and CYP3A enzyme activities. The induced CYP2C19 and CYP3A activities remained elevated at 4 days after rifampicin discontinuation and returned to baseline levels 8 days after rifampicin discontinuation. However, CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 enzyme activities showed no significant changes and CYP2C9 enzyme activity increased with rifampicin with a tendency toward statistical significance. These results suggest that drug interactions can occur even after rifampicin discontinuation. In conclusion, the advantage of our cocktail approach is that it enables in vivo assessment of the activity of various drug-metabolizing enzymes and the detection of potential drug interactions in a single assay.

Biography:

Ayman M Noreddin received his PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of the Pacific, California and received research training as a visiting scholar at the Department of Medicine, Stanford University. He had Post-doctoral fellowship (Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimicrobials), Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba followed by an American College of Clinical Pharmacy postdoctoral fellowship (Infectious Diseases). His research interest includes Pharmacoklinetic/Pharmacodynamic modeling of anti-infective and anti-cancer therapy, clinical simulation and Monte Carlo analysis and bacterial resistance in biofilm studies. He has outstanding records of scientific and academic accomplishments with multiple research funding, numerous publications in highly prestigious journals and various presentations in both national and international conferences. He served as a scientific reviewer for the NIH as well as other national and international research institutions.

Abstract:

Introduction: Streptococcal pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fluoroquinolones are one of the mainstay drugs for treatment of these infections. However emerging resistance poses a threat to the class’s future utility. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluated the probable efficacy of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gemifloxacin, garenoxacin, and moxifloxacin in eradicating infections and preventing continued growth of resistance.

Methods: Using patient data from strep pneumonia patients in hospitals and MIC data from the CROSS study; drug regimens were compared to see the likelihood of attaining fAUC0-24/ MICall ratios depicting goal clinical outcomes.

Conclusions: Very few regimens are able to prevent further growth of resistant organisms when ParC mutations have occurred. Only garenoxacin and moxifloxacin were able to eradicate extremely resistant isolates in serum and ELF respectively

Biography:

Sonia Amin Thomas (formerly Sonia Patel) is an Assistant Professor of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacist. Her main focus in teaching is oncology (therapeutics) along with other courses at PCOM in Suwanee, GA and conducting an oncology practice site at North Fulton Hospital in Roswell, GA. She attended the University of Georgia for her Undergraduate coursework from 2004-2007 and then proceeded to complete her PharmD at South University School of Pharmacy from 2007-2010. Dr. Thomas completed a Post-Graduate year 1 general Pharmacy Practice Residency in Columbus, GA and received training through Post-Graduate year 2 oncology residency in Detroit, MI.

Abstract:

Healthcare workers are exposed to chemotherapy during preparation and administration of hazardous drugs including chemotherapy. This has been an ongoing concern for years in the healthcare industry. Various studies showing contamination in preparation area, long-term chromosomal abnormalities, biological marker changes in workers, long-term effects on reproduction, hair loss, rashes, miscarriages and birth defects and cancers due to chemotherapy exposure make this concern legitimate. There are guidelines for safe handling of both intravenous and oral chemotherapy from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which all discuss how to prepare, handle and administer chemotherapy safely.

Biography:

Ahmed M. Abudief is working as a Sohag University, Sohag. And his research interest is on Chemical Kinetics, Inorganic Chemistry, and Physical Chemistry. And he has published 39 research articles

Abstract:

Air and moisture stable coordination compounds of first transition metals such as Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) with newly designed Schiff base (bsiph) incorporating 5-bromosalicyaldehyde (bs) with isatin and 4-nitro-o-phenylene diamine (nph) have been synthesized. The molecular structure of ligand and its complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, TGA and electronic spectroscopy. Conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements were used to elucidate the structure of the newly prepared metal complexes. The analytical and spectroscopic tools suggested that the prepared Schiff base ligand behave as mono basic tetra-dentate ONNO ligand and bind to metal (II) ion in octahedral geometry according to the general formula [M(bsiph)x(H2O)].n(H2O) where M=Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II), x=OAC-, NO3- and n=number of hydrated water molecules. The binding properties of the investigated complexes with Calf thymus (CT-DNA) were investigated by using electronic spectra and viscosity measurements. Moreover, DNA cleavage activity of the prepared Schiff base complexes was monitored by gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the Schiff base and its complexes were screened for antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa) and fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum). The results showed that the metal complexes were more reactive with respect to its ligand.

Biography:

Yuyuan Li has completed her PhD from the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science of South China Normal University. She is a Lecturer of Dalian Medical University. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Edorium Journal of Emergency Medicine. She has been supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Educational Commission of Liaoning Province of China.

Abstract:

Ubiquitin Carboxy-Terminal Hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) has been established as a reliable and potential biomarker of neuronal damage. There is not much information about the effects of White Matter Lesions (WMLs) on serum UCH-L1 levels in white matter disease patients. This study was aimed to assess whether serum UCH-L1 levels are a reliable marker of brain damage in patients with WMLs. Serum levels of UCH-L1 were assessed by sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in 74 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, depression, or vascular disease. MRI was performed by a neuro-radiologist blinded to clinical data. Of these 74 patient cases, 26 showed periventricular WMLs, 22 showed subcortical WMLs, and 26 displayed no well-defined WMLs (controls). Serum UCH-L1 levels were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). Further sub-group analysis proved that serum UCH-L1 levels in participants with sub-cortical WMLs were significantly increased when compared with controls (p<0.001), but there was no significant differences between controls and patients with periventricular WMLs (p>0.05). These findings suggest that serum UCH-L1 levels may serve as a novel biomarker for neuronal damage from WMLs, especially sub-cortical WMLs.

Biography:

Eman A Hammad was awarded her PhD from the University of East Anglia, UK in 2013. She currently teaches and researches in Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Health Economics. She finished her Undergraduate degree in Pharmacy and Master degree in Clinical Pharmacy form the University of Jordan in 2007 and 2010. She has a number of published papers evaluating health care services and pursue to assess the cost effectiveness and cost implications of pharmacy led interventions at hospital settings as well as in community settings. An intervention of most research interest to her has been pharmacy led medicine reconciliation.

Abstract:

Objective: To review the evidence for the effects and costs of complete pharmacy-led MR in hospital settings.

Data Source: Electronic databases were reviewed up to the 15th March 2015 including EMBASE & MEDLINE Ovid, CINAHL and the Cochrane library.

Study Selection & Data Extraction: Studies evaluating complete, pharmacy-led MR in hospital were included. Five steps were associated with the delivery of complete MR: Develop a list of current medicines; develop a list of medicines to be prescribed; compare the medicines on the two lists; make clinical decisions based on the comparison and communicate the new list to the next care provider and to the patient. Articles were screened and extracted independently by two authors.

Data Synthesis: Studies were divided into those in which: MR was the primary element of the intervention and labelled as “primarily MR” studies, and those where MR was performed in addition to non-MR care interventions and labelled as “supplemented MR” studies. Quality assessment of studies was performed by independent reviewers using a pre-defined tool. The literature search identified 4,065 citations of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. There was a scarcity of rigorously designed studies regarding the effects and costs of pharmacy-led hospital based complete MR.

Conclusion: No evidence to support the cost-effectiveness of pharmacy-led MR intervention was identified. The nature of reporting prohibited isolation of the effect and costs of pharmacy-led MR in the absence of other non-MR healthcare interventions.

Biography:

Hanaa Alghonaimy is working as a Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Egypt. She completed her education in Ain Shams University. Her work experience on Export Regulatory Affairs Associate Manager atEgyphar

Abstract:

Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) has been conventionally used during Coronary Angiography (CAG). However, no data is available for the dosage required. Vascular complications are still frequent in special group of patients. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of bleeding, vascular, and ischemic complications using three different heparin regimens after successful coronary angiography. This study enrolled 105 patients divided into three groups: Group 1: (n=35 patients) receiving a dose of 5000 IU (systemic heparinization), Group 2: (n=35 patients) receiving a dose of 5000 IU of heparin on the flush saline and Group 3: (n=35 patients) control group will receive flush saline, i.e., normal saline flush. All patients included in the study will be subjected to full history taking, complete general and local examination of the heart and blood vessels, 12 leads resting ECG, Routine laboratory investigations including fasting blood sugar, liver and kidney function tests, complete blood picture, lipid profile and coagulation profile. Descriptive statistics was done including mean, standard deviation and percentage. Comparison between groups was done using one way analysis of variance and comparison between the parametric variables was done using chi-square test. Results of the current study showed that there was no significant difference between the three groups regarding the number of diseased vessels or the incidence of slow coronary flow or incidence of normal coronary arteries (p>0.05). The clotting time and PTT were not significantly different in the three groups before coronary angiography (p>0.05). After coronary angiography, clotting time and PTT were significantly higher among group I and II than that of group III (p<0.05). Comparison between before and after coronary angiography in group I and II, the results showed that the clotting time and PTT increased significantly after the procedure (p<0.05) while, in group III there were no significant difference between before and after the procedure (p>0.05). The sheath removal duration was significantly higher among group I and group II than that of group III (p<0.05). There were no major complications recorded in any of the patients in the three groups. Routine elective coronary angiography may be performed without the use of UFH was found to be safe. However, further detail study is recommended.

Biography:

Zayed Nama Alsulami is a paediatric clinical pharmacologist working for Alkharj Military Hospital in Alkharj City, Saudi Arabia. Zayed has completed his PhD from University of Nottingham in 2013. His main role is to conduct research into paediatric drug therapy and medication errors including the medication errors in the Middle East countries, Nurses adherence to double check process and medication administration errors in children.

Abstract:

Background: Children are more susceptible to medication errors than adults. Medication administration process is the last stage in the medication treatment process and most of the errors detected in this stage. Little research has been undertaken about medication errors in children in the Middle East countries.

Aim: To evaluate how the paediatric nurses adhere to the medication administration policy and also to identify any medication preparation and administration errors or any contributory factors that may affects the nurses’ practice during their medication administration process.

Method: This was a prospective direct observational study of medication administration process, from when the nurses preparing patient medication until administration in the patient room in the paediatric ward (May to August 2014). Also, the observers were documented any medication administration errors occurred during the study period. Main outcomes were adherence rate of each step of preparation and administration process, number of errors and associated risk factors. All data collected was anonymous and was recorded on a data collection form which was designed specifically for this purpose.

Results: Twelve paediatric nurses serving 90 paediatric patients were observed. 456 drug administered doses were evaluated. Adherence rate was variable in 7 steps out of 16 steps. Patient allergy information, dose calculation, drug expiry date were the steps in medication administration with lowest adherence rates. 63 medication preparation and administration errors were identified with error rate 13.8% of medication administrations. No potentially life-threating errors were witnessed. Few logistic and administrative factors were reported.

Conclusion: Medication administration policy and procedure need an urgent revision. Nurses’ knowledge and skills regarding to the medication administration process should be improved.

Biography:

Romany Helmy Thabet is a PhD degree holder and an Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Borders University, Saudi Arabia. His latest published textbook is “Fundamentals of Medical Pharmacology”. He has several internationally published papers.

Abstract:

Aim of the study: Pentylene tetrazol (PTZ) is a commonly employed chemo-convulsant, used for screening drugs for anticonvulsant activity. The present study is aimed at investigating the differential effects of adenosine and the adenosine A1 agonist, N6- Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Methods: This study was carried out by investigating the effect of pretreatment of rats with adenosine and CPA on pentylene tetrazoleinduced seizures. Acute toxicity of PTZ in rats was studied by determination of median convulsive dose (CD50) of PTZ alone and after pretreatment of rats with each of adenosine and CPA. Results: Adenosine, when administered to rats intra-peritoneally in a dose of 1000 mg/kg 5 minutes prior to acute challenge with PTZ in a dose of 60 mg/kg, produced significant protection against PTZ- induced seizures. CPA, when administered intraperitoneally to rats in a dose of 10 mg/kg 60 minutes prior to acute challenge with PTZ in a dose of 60 mg/kg, also showed significant protection against PTZ induced seizures. Conclusion: CPA significantly protected against seizures after acute PTZ administration and this indicates that the anticonvulsant effect of PTZ is via stimulation of A1 receptors.

Biography:

Dr Nawaf Alrawilli is working as a Faculty of medicine-Northern Borders University, Arar, Saudi Arabia. And his research interest is on General Clinical Pharmacology

Abstract:

Background and aim of the work: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown cause. It is a highly inflammatory polyarthritis disease often leading to joint destruction, deformity and loss of function. There is conflicting data about the effect of PDEIs on pathogenesis of RA. This work aims at investigation of the effect of rolipram as representative of PDEIs on signs, symptoms, histopathology and cytokines of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), a model of RA in rats that exhibit several pathological changes similar to those occurring in RA. Methods: In the present study, we used rat model of adjuvant-induced arthrits (AIA), a model of RA in rats that exhibit several pathological changes similar to those occurring in RA in human, by subplantar administration of Freund’s adjuvant into hind paws of rats. Arthritis index, volume of hind paws edema, body weight, rectal temperature and pain threshold to pressure on hind paws, were measured daily from day 0 until day 30 after adjuvant inoculation. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed and the blood was collected for measurement of serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10. To assess the secondary immune reaction, specimens of left ankle joint tissues were also examined for histopathology. Results: Rolipram therapy, either prophylactic or therapeutic, significantly leads to marked suppression of adjuvant arthritis in rats depending on the dose administered. The therapeutic efficacy of rolipram was evidenced by decreased arthritic scores, and hind paw volumes of arthritic rats. Hyperalgesia of adjuvant arthritic rats was significantly reduced in rolipram-treated animals compared to non-treated group. Prophylactic rolipram protocols have dramatic protective effect as evidenced by inhibition of inflammatory cellular infiltrate in synovium of arthritic rats, pannus formation and alleviation of the destruction of the articular cartilage. The present study demonstrated that prophylactic or therapeutic administration of rolipram did not alter significantly the serum level of TNF-α. Regarding IL-10, our study demonstrated a significantly augmenting effect of treating adjuvant arthritic rats with rolipram, from day 16 to day 25 after disease induction in a dose of 3 mg/kg/d given orally. Interestingly, the present work demonstrated that joint inflammation was significantly attenuated by DMSO treatment as evidenced by lower clinical scores and reduced paw swelling. Conclusion: The results presented in this study shows that rolipram, a PDE 4 inhibitor displayed an anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-hyperalgesic actions in adjuvant arthritic rats in a dose-dependant manner. In conclusion, these findings suggest that rolipram may have therapeutic value for various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.