3^rd International Conference on Clinical Pharmacy December 07-09, 2015 Atlanta, USA

Christina Leung completed two Bachelor degrees in England, Management Sciences degree followed by the Pharmacy degree at the University of Nottingham. Following the registration as a pharmacist, she had worked in different London Teaching Hospitals. In the last 12 years, she has specialised in Paediatrics (especially in PICU and Paediatric Liver), Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She published two articles in the UK magazine relating to drugs use in paediatric liver diseases. Ms Leung is a registered pharmacist in HK and she is currently working as the Senior Pharmacist (Clincial Pharmacy Service) at the HKU-SZH in China. She is also the Honorary Lecturer at the University of Hong Kong. She delivers lectures to the Master and Undergraduate Pharmacy students relating to Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology.

HKU-SZH has adopted the good pharmacy practices from the West and has implemented an advanced clinical pharmacy system within Pharmacy Department. We hope to use near-patients and near-doctors approach to provide high quality of clinical pharmacy service to the patients and the healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective of drugs use.rnThe clinical pharmacists join the doctor-led ward rounds regularly on selected clinical areas such as ICU and NICU. For all newly admitted in-patients, the clinical pharmacists take drug histories and carry out medication reconciliation, and the information is recorded permanently in the electronic prescribing system. They also check all the in-patient prescriptions for clinical appropriateness using appropriate and approved reference sources. In addition, pharmacists involve actively in the warfarin patient counselling services for in-patients, and stroke clinical pathway patient care contribution on the wards.rnSince early 2015, clinical pharmacists have participated in the smoking cessation clinic, paediatric and adult respiratory out-patient clinics, diabetic clinic to provide patient counselling services. In addition, clinical pharmacists play a role in the cardiac rehabilitation centre to deliver educational talk relating to cardiac drugs. Furthermore, Clinical Pharmacists have delivered talks to patients regarding drugs use for smoking cessation, safe use of insulin injections, effective use of inhalation devices, medication safety in children such as use of oral syringes and tablet cutter in the out-patient forum.rnAll these improvement action plans are to enhance medication safety and optimistation of drugs. Clinical Pharmacists find that this cannot be achieved without an effective multi-disciplinary teamwork.

Menyfah Al Anazi is a pharmacist currently working at the Drug policy and Economic Center ofrnMinistry of National Guard – Health Affairs. She has completed Clinical Pharmacy Practice sincern2007, and certificated in Clinical Research Coordinator since 2009.

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behaviors are among the leading causes of death worldwide. AIM: tornassess the cases of suicide among children, potential risks, and outcomernMETHOD: Using a retrospective chart review of children who diagnosis with intentionalrnpoisoning between 2009 and 2011,rnRESULTS:rnWe identified 10 cases of suicide among children (mean age 12 years, SD 1.98, range 8 to 14rnyears) 0.66% of poisoning cases in pediatric. The female: male ratio was 1:1. The majority of casesrnwere middle social/economic class (n = 9; 90%). Chemical constituted the most commonlyrnencountered group of toxins 60 %( mainly Clorox 50%) and drugs 40% (mainly acetaminophenrn20%).rnHome Chicken was the commonest place of poisoned (50%); summer was the most commonrnseason of poisoning (40%) and Thursday most common day. Mothers of (90%) the childrenrnpoisoned worked in the home.rnSymptomatic cases on admission were 80%, GI complication representing 60% and neurologyrn30% of the complication. Most of the poisoned cases undergo complete recovery and dischargedrnfrom ER (60%) and 40% were hospitalized, the mean hospital stay was 2 days, and ranged from 0rnto 9 days. There was a statistically significant difference between the lengths of stay of patients inrnterms of hospital cost (P < 0.05).rnCONCLUSIONS:rnThe results point to the need to increase our understanding of the suicidal behaviors duringrnchildhood/adolescence and of the causal pathways linking these behaviors to child-adolescentrnmental disorders. During routine care visits, pediatricians should be skilled to recognize risk factorsrnfor adolescent suicide in order to intervene appropriately

Kyrillos Guirguis is a Consultant Pharmacist with extensive experience in pharmacotherapy and chronic disease management. He works mainly at St Vincent\'s Hospital, but also directs a private pharmaceutical care business. He was admitted to his Master’s in Clinical Pharmacy at the University of Tasmania in 2012, and is accredited with the Australian Association of Consultant Pharmacy (AACP). He is a published author and a reviewer with international peer-reviewed journals. His research interests include pharmacist prescribing and heart failure.

Background rnThe cost of providing drug treatments is not only the price paid to pharmaceutical companies. There is a lot of medicinal waste that also costs governments, and/or patients. This study aimed to estimate the cost of unwanted medicines and to describe pharmaceutical waste at the homes of elderly patients. rnrnMethods rnOutreach pharmacists collected the medicines that have expired or are no longer needed by patients, during their routine home visits to assess medication management. Collected medicines were assigned to therapeutic groups and the number of medication packs in each group recorded. The main outcome measures were the number of medicines collected in each therapeutic group, and an estimate of their monetary value. rnrnResults rnMedicines belonged to 11 therapeutic groups, the largest being cardiovascular. There were 293 packs of medicines collected from 40 patients over a 2 months period. Each patient had an average of 7.3 medication packs that were either expired or unnecessary. The estimated value of medicinal waste per patient is about AU$1308 annually. rnrnDiscussion rnThe cost of drug waste is important to estimate, so policy makers can consider the measures necessary to reduce it. Subsidising medicines may promote the accumulation of medicines, beyond patients’ needs. Poor prescribing habits may also play a role in wasting medicines. However, as patients get older, many find managing medications more challenging, and accumulating drug waste could be a logical outcome. Further studies are needed to educate on the prudent use of government subsidy and the appropriate dispensing of prescriptions. rn